4  Images & Type

In this section I’m referring to individual characters in printed type, but there is also computational work on fonts, character classes, and other units of type.

4.1 Sample Research Questions

• Can we discover who printed a text based on damaged pieces of type?
• Does Spenser’s spelling indicate a distinct use of archaism?
• Can different letterforms and damages be detected algorithimically?

4.2 Tools and Websites

• Print & Probability
• Catalog of Distinctive Type
• EEBO N-Gram Browser (using original spelling)
• Internet Archive Early English Books:
  • 1475–1640
  • 1641–1700
• English Broadside Ballad Archive
• British Armorial Bindings
• Compositor
• IIIF

4.3 References

• Christopher N. Warren et al. (2023)
• Christopher N. Warren et al. (2020)
• Goyal et al. (2020)
• Vogler et al. (2024)
• Basu and Loewenstein (2019)
• Drucker (2011)

Basu, Anupam, and Joseph Loewenstein. 2019. “Spenser’s Spell: Archaism and Historical Stylometrics.” Spenser Studies 33 (January): 63–102. https://doi.org/10.1086/700300.

Drucker, Johanna. 2011. “Humanities Approaches to Graphical Display.” Digital Humanities Quarterly 005 (1).

Goyal, Kartik, Chris Dyer, Christopher Warren, Max G’Sell, and Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick. 2020. “A Probabilistic Generative Model for Typographical Analysis of Early Modern Printing.” arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.01646.

Vogler, Nikolai, Kartik Goyal, Samuel V. Lemley, D. J. Schuldt, Christopher N. Warren, Max G’Sell, and Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick. 2024. “Clustering Running Titles to Understand the Printing of Early Modern Books.” In Document Analysis and Recognition - ICDAR 2024, edited by Elisa H. Barney Smith, Marcus Liwicki, and Liangrui Peng, 374–90. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70543-4_22.

Warren, Christopher N, Samuel V Lemley, D J Schuldt, Elizabeth Dieterich, Laura S DeLuca, Max G’Sell, Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick, Kari Thomas, Kartik Goyal, and Nikolai Vogler. 2023. “Who Rpinted Shakespeare’s Fourth Folio?” Shakespeare Quarterly 74 (2): 139–46. https://doi.org/10.1093/sq/quad021.

Warren, Christopher N., Pierce Wiliams, Shruti Rijhwani, and Max G’Sell. 2020. “Damaged Type and Areopagitica’s Clandestine Printers.” Milton Studies 62 (1): 1–47. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/2/article/748968.